・Unvaccinated sperm commanding 400% price premium at sperm banks In an industry dominated by subjective preferences of female consumers, there is no price too high for the sperm of unvaccinated males.
Previous study revealed that the most frequent skin reactions were COVID arm in women (38.1%) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation in men (20%).
・動画内でProfessor. Dr. Arne Burkhart（ドイツの病理学者/アルネ・ブルクハルト教授）は、❝If I were a woman in fertile age, I would not plan a motherhood from a man who was vaccinated.❞と言っています。
ACE2 Expresses Highly in Renal and Testicular Cells
As the virus frequently enters the cell by binding to cell receptors, and ACE2 has been proven to be one of the major receptors of SARS-Cov-2 in the human body, we explored the online datasets to find out the expression level of ACE2 in the urinary system. As we expected, data from the CCLE and GTEx portal indicated that the ACE2 mRNA expression level is relatively higher in kidney cells (Supplementary Figures 1A, 2).
To further determine the protein expression level of ACE2 in renal cells, we investigated the Human Protein Atlas portal to find out some details. Results of immunohistochemistry (IHC) also indicated that the expression level of ACE2 protein is significantly higher in the kidney, especially in renal tubular cells, although the mRNA expression level is not such high (Supplementary Figures 1B,C, 3 and Table 1).
In addition, we also found that ACE2 expresses quite highly in testicular cells. The protein and mRNA expression of ACE2 in the testes is almost the highest in the body. Moreover, both cells in seminiferous ducts and Leydig cells showed a high ACE2 expression level (Supplementary Figures 1B,D, 3 and Table 1). These results indicate that testicular cells are the potential targets of SARS-Cov-2.
According to the existing clinical data, this virus not only causes respiratory diseases and affects the lungs but also induces histopathological or functional changes in various organs like the testis and also the male genital tract.
As the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the male genital system in direct or indirect ways and showed a negative impact on male reproduction, this paper focuses on the possible mechanisms underlying the damage caused by COVID-19 to the testis and also other components of the male genital tract.
The male genital system presents high ACE 2 expression therefore, it will be highly important to investigate and clarify the relationship between COVID-19 and the male genital tract.
LINEs alone make up over 20% of the human genome. The most common LINE is LINE-1, which encodes a reverse transcriptase that regulates fundamental biological processes. LINE-1 is expressed in many cell types, but at especially high levels in sperm. Sperm cells can be used as vectors of both exogenous DNA and exogenous RNA molecules through sperm-mediated gene transfer assays.Sperm can reverse transcribe exogenous RNA directly into cDNA and can deliver plasmids packaging up this cDNA to the fertilized egg. These plasmids are able to propagate themselves within the developing embryo and to populate many tissues in the fetus. In fact, they survive into adulthood as extrachromosomal structures and are capable of being passed on to progeny. These plasmids are transcriptionally competent, meaning that they can be used to synthesize proteins encoded by the DNA they contain (Pittoggi et al., 2006). In addition to sperm, embryos also express reverse transcriptase prior to implantation, and its inhibition causes developmental arrest. LINE-1 is also expressed by cancer cells, and RNA interference-mediated silencing of human LINE-1 induces differentiation in many cancer cell lines. Reverse-transcriptase machinery is implicated in the genesis of new genetic information, both in cancer cells and in germ cells. Many tumor tissues have been found to express high levels of LINE-1, and to contain many extrachromosomal plasmids in their nucleus. Malignant gliomas are the primary tumors of the central nervous system. It has beenshown experimentally that these tumors release exosomes containing DNA, RNA and proteins, that end up in the general circulation (Vaidya and Sugaya, 2020). LINE-1 is also highly expressed in immune cells in several autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögrens and psoriasis (Zhang et al., 2020).
